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מליסה רפואית – Melissa officinalis 

מליסה הינה עשב רב-שנתי (המיקריפטופיט). מוצאה באירופה, צפון אפריקה ומערב ומרכז אסיה. כיום, מליסה גדלה גם בישראל.

בעבר מליסה גודלה כמזון לדבורים ואף שיפשפו את עליה בדפנות כוורות חדשות, כדי לפתות דבורים להתיישב בהן.

עלוות הצמח שימשה בעידן העתיק ליצירת מצב רוח טוב וכן לטיפול בבעיות עיכול.

מקור שם הסוג (Melissa) הינו ביוונית ומשמעותו דבורה; הצמח נקרא כך כיוון שדבורים נמשכות אליו.

רכיבים פעילים עיקריים

פנולים פשוטים (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid), פלבונואידים (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin), אנתוציאנינים (catechines), מונוטרפנים (limonene, geraniol, citral a + b), ססקוויטרפנים, טריטרפנים, סטרולים (campesterol, beta-sitosterol), שמן נדיף (כ-0.3%).

פעילות רפואית מוכחת מחקרית:

מרגיע, מרומם, נוגד דיכאון, נוגד עווית, מפיג גזים (קרמינטיבי), אנטי-ויראלי, מעכב בלוטת התריס.

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West, I. and Maibach, H. I. Contact urticaria syndrome from multiple cosmetic components. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32(2):121. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00770.x.

Wölbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine. 1994 Jun;1(1):25-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195812.

Cernya, K. Schmidb. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers (a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study). Fitoterapia, Volume 70, Issue 3, 1 June 1999, Pages 221–228. https://eurekamag.com/pdf/003/003319768.pdf.

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Servadio C, Abramovici A, Sandbank U, et al. Early stages of the pathogenesis of rat ventral Prostate hyperplasia induced by citral. Eur. Urol., 12:195-200, 1986. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2423338.

Das M, Bickers DR, Mukhtar H. Effect of ellagic acid on hepatic and pulmonary xenobiotic metabolism in mice: studies on the mechanism of its anticarcinogenic action. Carcinogen., 6(10):1409-1413, 1985. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3876174.

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Kohrle J, Auf‟mkolk M, Winterhoff H, et al. Iodothyronine deiodinases: inhibition by plant extracts. Acta Endocrin., 240:15-16, 1981. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6724503.

Auf‟mkolk M, Kohrle J, Gumbinger H, et al. Antihormonal effects of plant extracts: iodothyronine deiodinase of rat liver is inhibited by extracts and secondary metabolites of plants. Horm. Metabol. Res., 16:188-192, 1984. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6724503.

Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Hamaguchi T, Iwasa K, Nagai T, Kobayashi S, Nakamura H, Yamada M. Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Melissa officinalis Extract which Contained Rosmarinic Acid in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126422. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0126422.

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Schimmer O, Krüger A, Paulini H, Haefele F. An evaluation of 55 commercial plant extracts in the Ames mutagenicity test. Pharmazie. 1994 Jun;49(6):448-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8047546.

Ramos, Ruiz A., De la Torre, R. A., Alonso, N., Villaescusa, A., Betancourt, J., and Vizoso, A. Screening of medicinal plants for induction of somatic segregation activity in Aspergillus nidulans. J Ethnopharmacol 7-5-1996;52(3):123-127. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771452.

Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse. Planta Med., 57:105-109, 1991. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1891490.

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Huang L, Abuhamdah S, Howes MJ, Dixon CL, Elliot MS, Ballard C, Holmes C, Burns A, Perry EK, Francis PT, Lees G, Chazot PL. Pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;60(11):1515-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957173.

Taavoni S, Nazem Ekbatani N, Haghani H. Valerian/lemon balm use for sleep disorders during menopause. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013 Nov;19(4):193-6. Epub 2013 Sep 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24199972.

Gromball J, Beschorner F, Wantzen C, Paulsen U, Burkart M. Hyperactivity, concentration difficulties and impulsiveness improve during seven weeks' treatment with valerian root and lemon balm extracts in primary school children. Phytomedicine. 2014 Jul-Aug;21(8-9):1098-103. Epub 2014 May 15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837472.

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Müller SF, Klement S. A combination of valerian and lemon balm is effective in the treatment of restlessness and dyssomnia in children. Phytomedicine. 2006 Jun;13(6):383-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16487692/

Keck ME, Nicolussi S, Spura K, et al. Effect of the fixed combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur extracts (Ze 185) on the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients-A retrospective case-control investigation. Phytother Res. 2020;10.1002/ptr.6618. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31985131/

Haybar H, Javid AZ, Haghighizadeh MH, et al. The effects of Melissa officinalis supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorder in patients with chronic stable angina. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018 Aug;26:47-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29908682/

Araj-Khodaei M, Noorbala AA, Yarani R, et al. A double-blind, randomized pilot study for comparison of Melissa officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia Mill. with Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Jul 3;20(1):207. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32620104/

Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Sepidarkish M, et al. Effects of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) on cardio-metabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 2]. Phytother Res. 2020;10.1002/ptr.6744. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614129/

Asadi A, Shidfar F, Safari M, et al. Safety and efficacy of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) on ApoA-I, Apo B, lipid ratio and ICAM-1 in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Oct;40:83-88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30219475/

Asadi A, Shidfar F, Safari M, et al. Efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) extract on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2019 Mar;33(3):651-659. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30548118/

Jandaghi P, Noroozi M, Ardalani H, Alipour M. Lemon balm: A promising herbal therapy for patients with borderline hyperlipidemia-A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2016 Jun;26:136-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261994/

Javid AZ, Haybar H, Dehghan P, et al. The effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in chronic stable angina on serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(4):785-791. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30045422/

Ahmad Zare Javid, et al. The effects of Melissa officinalis on echocardiography, exercise test, serum biomarkers, and blood pressure in patients with chronic stable angina. Journal of Herbal Medicine, Volume 11, March 2018, Pages 24-29. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803317300738

Nayebi N, Esteghamati A, Meysamie A, et al. The effects of a Melissa officinalis L. based product on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2019 Jan 25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30681971

Yui S, Fujiwara S, Harada K, et al. Beneficial Effects of Lemon Balm Leaf Extract on In Vitro Glycation of Proteins, Arterial Stiffness, and Skin Elasticity in Healthy Adults. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2017;63(1):59-68. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28367927/

Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, et al. Safety and efficacy of Melissa officinalis extract containing rosmarinic acid in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease progression. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 29;10(1):18627. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33122694/

Taghizadeh M, Maghaminejad F, Aghajani M, et al. The effect of tablet containing Boswellia serrata and Melisa officinalis extract on older adults' memory: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Mar-Apr;75:146-150. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29306113/

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