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סרפד –  Urtica dioica  

סרפד הינו עשב רב או חד שנתי (כתלות במין), הגדל באזורים רבים בעלי אקלים ממוזג ברחבי העולם. סרפד צורב גדל בר בישראל.

שם הסוג הבוטני (Urtica) נגזר מהמילה הלטינית uro, שפירושה ׳לשרוף׳. שם זה מתייחס לתחושה הצורבת במגע עור עם עלי סרפד טריים.

 רכיבים פעילים עיקריים בעלים

פלבונואידים (1-2% סה״כ, ביניהם rutin, quercetin, kaemferol, isohamnetin), סטרולים, פנולים (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid), קומרינים (scopoletin), קרוטנואידים (lutein, β-carotene, xanthophylls, violaxanthin, lycopene), כלורופיל (0.3-1% בצמח היבש), מינרלים (כ- 1-4% צורן/סיליקון, 0.6-3.7% אשלגן), ויטמינים (C, B2, B5, K1).

פעילות רפואית מוכחת מחקרית:

משתן (מטבולי, אוסמוטי), אלטרנטיבי, מפחית סוכר בדם, מכווץ, גלקטגוג, נוגד אלרגיה, נוגד דלקת, נוגד אנמיה.

מקורות מחקריים בעלים:

Mills S, Bone K. Principles and practice of Phytotherapy. Modern Herbal Medicine, 2ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2013. https://www.elsevier.com/books/principles-and-practice-of-phytotherapy/9780443069925

European Medicines Agency. Assessment report on Urtica dioica L., Urtica urens L., folium. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). 14 January 2010. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-urtica-dioica-l-urtica-urens-l-folium_en.pdf

Edwards Jr EK, Edwards Sr. EK. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to the nettle plant. Contact Dermatitis. 1992;27(4):264–265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1451501

Anderson BE, Miller CJ, Adams DR. Stinging nettle dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat 2003, 14(1):44-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14744424

Oliver F, Amon EU, Breathnach A, et al. Contact urticaria due to the common stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)--histological, ultrastructural and pharmacological studies. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991;16(1):1–7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2025924

Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk, and leaves of nettle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:564367. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349212/

Kenneth Taylor. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Urtica dioica L. Journal of Ecology, Volume 97, Issue 6, November 2009. Pages 1436–1458. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229964927

Namazi N, Tarighat A, Bahrami A. The effect of hydro alcoholic nettle (Urtica dioica) extract on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Pak J Biol Sci. 2012 Jan 15;15(2):98-102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22545363

Uslu S, Bulbul A, Diler B, Bas EK, Nuhoglu A. Urticaria due to Urtica dioica in a neonate. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170(3):401–403. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953796

Vega-Maray AM, Fernandez-Gonzalez D, Valencia-Barrera R, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97(3):343–349. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6753723

Edgcumbe DP, McAuley D. Hypoglycaemia related to ingestion of a herbal remedy. Eur J Emerg Med. 2008;15(4):236–237. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19078824

Sahin M, Yilmaz H, Gursoy A, Demirel AN, Tutuncu NB, Guvener ND. Gynaecomastia in a man and hyperoestrogenism in a woman due to ingestion of nettle (Urtica dioica). N Z Med J. 2007;120(1265):U2803. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18264183

Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th ed. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. https://www.eclecticherb.com/herb-contraindications-drug-interactions/

Miller LG. Herbal medicinals – selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch. Intern. Med., 158:2200-2211, 1998. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9818800

Randall C. Various therapeutic uses of Urtica. pp. 40-46 in (ed. Kavalali GM) Urtica – Therapeutic and nutritional Aspects of Stinging Nettles, Taylor & Francis, New York, N.Y., 2003.

De Smet PAGM et al. (eds.). Adverse Effects of Herb Drugs 2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540558002

Blumenthal M (ed.). The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Boston, Mass., 1998. http://cms.herbalgram.org/commissione/index.html?ts=1577141547&signature=8f2e7B6c5ef8a07bfaa31e6dea89c4cf

Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C (eds.). PDR for Herbal Medicines. Medical Economics Co., Inc., Montvale, NJ, 1998. https://naturalingredient.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Pdr_for_Herbal_Medicines.pdf

Bnouham M, Merhfour FZ, Ziyyat A, et al. Antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of Urtica dioica. Fitoterapia. 2003;74(7–8):677–681. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14630172

Tahri A, Yamani S, Legssyer A, Aziz M, Mekhfi H, Bnouham M, Ziyyat A. Acute diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects of a continuous perfusion of aqueous extract of Urtica dioica in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Nov;73(1-2):95-100. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11025144

Kianbakht S, Khalighi-Sigaroodi F, Dabaghian FH. Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Lab. 2013;59(9-10):1071-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273930

Chrubasik S, Enderlein W, Bauer R, et al. Evidence for antirheumatic effectiveness of herba Urticae dioicae in acute arthritis: A pilot study. Phytomed. 4(2):105-108, 1997. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195396

Ramm S, Hansen C. Brennesselblätter- Extract bei rheumatischen Beschwerden. Aktuelle Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen Anwendungsbeobachtung. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung 1995, 135(39):3-8. https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200902145291425569

Ramm S, Hansen C. Multizentrische Anwendungsbeobachtungen mit Rheuma-Hek Brennesselblätter- Extrakt bei Arthrose und rheumatoider Arthritis. Therapiewoche 1996, 28:3-6.

Ramm S, Hansen C. Arthrose: Brennesselblätter-Extrakt IDS 23 spart NSAR ein. Jatros Ortho 1997(1), 12:29-33.

Wolf F. Gonarthrose, Brennesselblättter-Extract IDS 23 in der Langzeitandwendung. Der Kassenarzt Deutsches Ärztemagazin 1998, 44:52-54.

Ozkol H, Musa D, Tuluce Y, Koyuncu I. Ameliorative influence of Urtica dioica L against cisplatin-induced toxicity in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2012;35:251-257. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939360

Finley PR. Drug Interactions with Lithium: An Update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016 Aug;55(8):925-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26936045

Ben Salem C, Badreddine A, Fathallah N, Slim R, Hmouda H. Drug-induced hyperkalemia. Drug Saf. 2014 Sep;37(9):677-92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25047526

Corey RL, Rakela J. Complementary and alternative medicine: risks and special considerations in pretransplant and posttransplant patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014 Jun;29(3):322-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24710858

Brinker F. The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines, 3rd ed. Eclectic Medical Pub., Sandy, Ore, 2000. https://www.eclecticherb.com/the-toxicology-of-botanical-medicines/

Brinker F. Botanical Medicine Research Summaries, from Eclectic Dispensatory of Botanical Therapeutics, vol. II. Eclectic Medical Pub., Sandy, Ore., 1995. https://www.eclecticherb.com/eclectic-dispensatory-of-botanical-therapeutics

Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS, Cordell GA, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J. Pharm. Sci., 64:535-598, 1975. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/167146

Paton DM. The contractile response of the isolated rat uterus to noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 3:310-315, 1968. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014299968901131

Sharma BB, Varshney MD, Gupta DN, et al. Antifertility Screening of Plants. Part I. Effect of Ten Indigenous Plants on Early Pregnancy in Albino Rats. Int J Crude Drug Res. 1983;21(4):183–187. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880208309070640

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